У нас тут недавно началась отличная кампания социальной рекламы о том, как общаться с инвалидами (любыми), и называется она "End the awkward / Покончи с неловкостью". Честно признаюсь, я никогда не уверена, как с такими людьми себя правильно вести потому что реально никогда с ними в близком контакте не находилась. Так что частично перевожу сюда материалы с их сайта, а если вам хочется увидеть все, то вот их
сайтТо, что они говорят, в принципе само собой разумеющееся, но в попадая в некую ситуацию на практике сразу до этого догадаться может быть сложно
Базовые советы:
1. Видьте человека, а не инвалидность: это Вася, который любит комедии братьев Коэнов, а не "тот чувак в инвалидной коляске"
2. Старайтесь не строить предположений о том, что кто-то может делать и как их инвалидность сказывается на их жизни. Это то же самое, когда кто-то, кто вас не знает, строит предположения о вас.
3. Не уверены или вам нужно что-то спросить. Спрашивайте! Вежливо, конечно же.
4. Принимайте то, что говорит инвалид о себе и своем состоянии. Они себя знают лучше, чем вы их.
5. Помните, что не все можно увидеть, просто будьте внимательны к людям.
Тут еще много разных ситуационных примеров, но там много текста, так что приведу как есть, пусть тут будут для справки...
Ситуации и советы"I find it hard to talk to someone who has a speech impairment or is hard of hearing, so I end up not talking to them."
It’s okay to ask someone to repeat something as many times as you need. Don’t pretend to understand.
Use a pen and paper to communicate if needed.
"I’ve just met a disabled person and I want to ask them loads of questions about their impairment."
Chill out a bit – you wouldn’t ask anyone else you’d just met loads of personal questions. Disabled people sometimes get bombarded with questions about their impairment – even from complete strangers!
If there’s something important you need to ask then ask. Otherwise get to know a disabled person the same way you would anyone else. How was your weekend? Rubbish weather, isn’t it. You get it.
"I want to be the “Let me help you!” hero."
You’re trying to do a good thing, but don’t wade in and give help without asking. Offer to help if it seems like someone would like some, but:
Ask in what way you can help, and follow what they say. They’re in charge.
Be prepared for your offer to be turned down.
"I feel I should talk more slowly and loudly to someone who’s got a physical or visual impairment."
It’s okay, their ears and their brain work just fine! Speak like you normally would unless they ask you to slow down or speak more loudly.
"I tend to assume someone’s also got a learning disability because they use a wheelchair."
Uh, no. Does the name Stephen Hawking ring a bell? Just don’t make assumptions based on how someone looks and get to know them.
"I find I talk to the disabled person’s support worker, interpreter or guide instead of them. “Can you please tell her…” “Does he take sugar?”"
Put yourself in their shoes – it wouldn’t be okay if someone wouldn’t talk to you. Just look at the person you’re speaking to.
"I lean on someone’s wheelchair or accidentally move their walking stick out of their reach."
Everyone can be a bit clumsy from time to time. Just keep an eye out for personal space and mobility aids.
"I find myself crouching or kneeling to talk to someone who uses a wheelchair."
No need, just act normal. Maybe if you’re having a long conversation you could take a step back or find a chair yourself.
"I pin myself against the wall as a wheelchair user goes by."
Just be cool! Standing aside will do fine.
"I find I treat a person with a learning disability as if they’re a child."
An adult with a learning disability is an adult - treat them like any other adult.
"I feel awkward talking to someone with a learning disability, so I end up avoiding them."
They’re still a person – and they could be a great person you want to get to know.
Let the person with a learning disability set the pace of the conversation. Check that you understand what they’re saying and that they understand what you’re saying.
"I stroke or distract an assistance dog, like offering it toys or food."
Ask its owner first – it’s their dog.
"I exaggerate my lip movements or speak loudly to a hearing-impaired person."
Don’t worry, there’s no need to do either of these things. Instead:
If they lip-read, make sure they can see your lips easily - stand so the light isn’t behind you, speak slowly, keep hands and obstacles away from your face, keep your lip movements natural.
Check they understand you. It’s okay to repeat things several times if needed.
It’s the message that’s most important. Writing things down, pointing and miming can all help.
"When someone has a hidden impairment, I find myself wanting to say things like, "Seriously? That doesn’t sound very likely,” and “Why do you need that?”"
Believe what people say about their impairment – they know themselves best.
Do what people ask, unless you have a good reason not to. For example, some people may not be able to stand for long – to spend time explaining why they need a chair may cause them pain and stress.
If someone tells you something that seems unlikely or odd, respect and believe them. For example, someone may be having a panic attack because they believe something that’s unlikely, but the panic attack is real.
"I know how to help people with mental health problems! Just chill out. It’s all in your head. You just need to get some exercise / a good night’s sleep / eat something."
If someone with mental health problems wants to talk about their experience, just listen. Don’t judge, offer advice unless it’s clearly asked for or tell stories about your friend or family member who has the same problem. Denying what they’re experiencing will make it worse for them.
"I think people with mental health problems are making a mountain out of a molehill. “It’s not really that serious, is it. I mean, you’re not in a wheelchair.” “It’s not a real disability.”"
Mental health problems are serious - some have higher death rates than some types of cancer. And no one would choose to miss out on social events and opportunities as happens for many people with mental health problems. Suggesting someone doesn’t really have a problem may make them feel worse.
"I want to ask my colleague to stop making those strange noises and flapping their hands - it’s distracting."
People with autism spectrum disorders may have repetitive behaviours, known as stimming or ticks, such as hand-flapping, tongue-clicking or finger-tapping. Doing these things helps concentration or relieves anxiety, and they're often subconscious. It can be distracting, but you’ll probably find that sooner or later you no longer notice it.
"It’s so rude when people don’t make eye contact, or won’t shake hands or hug."
What seems like everyday social niceties for some of us can be very uncomfortable for someone with an autism spectrum disorder. They are not trying to be deliberately rude if they won’t look you in the eye, or refuse a handshake or a hug.